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  • 1 min read

apt-get palo fix

Does your debian/ubuntu show a 503 error while running apt-get update and you got a palo firewall?

Simple solution, run this command to act like you are curl and not apt, so it will go through.

echo 'Acquire { http::User-Agent "curl/7.68.0"; };' > /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/palofix
  • 1 min read

Docker Traefik Setup

This is my basic traefik setup for docker. Create the file and compose up the docker-compose and done. You can add let's encrypt if need be, or use custom certs.

Here's the docker-compose.yml:

````yaml networks: ingress: name: ingress volumes: traefik-letsencrypt:

services: reverse-proxy: image: traefik:v3 # environment: # If needed: - INFOMANIAK_ACCESS_TOKEN=TOKEN command: - "--api.insecure=false" - "--api.dashboard=false" - "--providers.docker"

# Public Endpoint
- "--entrypoints.web-http.address=:1080"
- "--entrypoints.web-http.http.redirections.entrypoint.to=:443"
- "--entrypoints.web-http.http.redirections.entrypoint.scheme=https"
- "--entrypoints.web.address=:1443"

# Allow proxying to self signed certs
- "--serverstransport.insecureskipverify=true"

# Custom Certs
# - "--providers.file.filename=/etc/traefik/dynamic.yaml"

# Letsencrypt Config
# - "--certificatesresolvers.le.acme.dnschallenge.provider=infomaniak"
# - "--certificatesresolvers.le.acme.dnschallenge.delaybeforecheck=0"

labels:
- "traefik.enable=false"

networks:
  - ingress
  - default
ports:
  - "80:1080"
  - "443:1443"
volumes:
  - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
  - traefik-letsencrypt:/letsencrypt"
  # - ./configuration:/etc/traefik
  # - ./certs:/c

If you need custom certs, put the configuration file inside ./configuration and the certs in ./certs. In configuration place the dynamic.yaml like this: (!use yaml not yml)

```yaml
tls:
  options:
    default:
      sniStrict: false
  certificates:
    - certFile: /certs/fullchain.pem
      keyFile: /certs/key.pem
  stores:
    default:
      defaultCertificate:
        certFile: /certs/fullchain.pem
        keyFile: /certs/key.pem
serversTransport:
  insecureSkipVerify: true

Now to use it:Block Field

  • 1 min read

Figlet on RHEL

There is no figlet on rhel, but we can fix that:

dnf install -y python3-pip
python3 -m pip install --user pyfiglet
python3 -m pyfiglet "$(hostname)"
  • 1 min read

Graylog – Node Appears/Disappears

ANOTHER graylog issue 😀 yeah

In the UI you could see the graylog node appearing, and disappearing again. It also showed the message “no leader”. BUT, looking at opensearch, you can see the data still comming in. So what happened?

Basically, graylog changed some stuff without telling us, so now it want’s to talk to the node via the hostname. But the node is bound to 127.0.0.1:9000, which the hostname won’t resolve too. So what we do? We add a hosts entry. 🙂

Add this to your /etc/hosts with your hostname:

127.0.0.1 hostname hostname.domain.local
  • 1 min read

Linux Snippets

get script dir

SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )

create self signed

openssl req -x509 -nodes -subj "/C=CH/ST=ZH/O=IT/CN=example.org" -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365
  • 5 min read

Nextcloud Setup

Let’s setup a simple nextcloud environment with the following parameters:

  • Docker Based
  • Collabora
  • RHEL9

Setup Basis

# Some General Tools
dnf install -y vim wget tar unzip 

# Firewall
systemctl enable --now firewalld

# Docker per it's documentation (CentOS)
dnf remove docker \
        docker-client \
        docker-client-latest \
        docker-common \
        docker-latest \
        docker-latest-logrotate \
        docker-logrotate \
        docker-engine

dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
systemctl enable --now docker

Setup Nextcloud

Let’s create a folder in /srv/nextcloud-project and add some files:

First we need a certificate:

mkdir -p /srv/nextcloud-project/ssl
cd /srv/nextcloud-project/ssl
openssl req -x509 -nodes -subj "/C=CH/ST=ZH/O=IT/CN=example.org" -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365

docker-compose.yaml

version: '3'

services:
    db:
        image: mariadb:11.1
        restart: always
        command: --transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED --log-bin=binlog --binlog-format=ROW
        volumes:
        - /srv/nextcloud-project/nextcloud-db:/var/lib/mysql
        environment:
        - MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=
        - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
        - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
        - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud

    app:
        image: nextcloud:27.1.2-fpm
        restart: always
        links:
        - db
        volumes:
        - /srv/nextcloud-project/nextcloud-data:/var/www/html
        environment:
        - MYSQL_PASSWORD=
        - MYSQL_DATABASE=nextcloud
        - MYSQL_USER=nextcloud
        - MYSQL_HOST=db
        - NEXTCLOUD_TRUSTED_DOMAINS=cloud.example.com

    collabora:
        image: collabora/code:23.05.4.2.1
        ports: []
        restart: always
        environment:
        - domain=nextcloud.example.com/office
        - "extra_params=--o:ssl.enable=false --o:ssl.termination=true"
        cap_add: 
        - MKNOD

    web:
        image: nginx:1.25.2
        restart: always
        ports:
        - 80:80
        - 443:443
        links:
        - app
        - collabora
        volumes:
        - ./nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf:ro
        - ./ssl:/etc/nginx/ssl:ro
        volumes_from:
        - app

And the nginx.conf file:

worker_processes auto;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    # Prevent nginx HTTP Server Detection
    server_tokens   off;

    keepalive_timeout  65;



    #gzip  on;

    upstream php-handler {
        server app:9000;
    }

    upstream collabora {
        server collabora:9980;
    }

    server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        listen [::]:80 default_server;
        server_name _;
        return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
    }

    server {
        listen 443 ssl;

        ssl_certificate         /etc/nginx/ssl/cert.pem;
        ssl_certificate_key     /etc/nginx/ssl/key.pem;
        ssl_protocols           TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
        ssl_ciphers             HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!DES-CBC3-SHA:!EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:!ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA;


        # HSTS settings
        # WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
        # the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
        # will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
        # in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
        # could take several months.
        #add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;" always;

        # set max upload size
        client_max_body_size 512M;
        fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

        # Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
        gzip on;
        gzip_vary on;
        gzip_comp_level 4;
        gzip_min_length 256;
        gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
        gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

        # Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
        # with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
        #pagespeed off;

        # HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
        add_header Referrer-Policy                      "no-referrer"       always;
        add_header X-Content-Type-Options               "nosniff"           always;
        add_header X-Download-Options                   "noopen"            always;
        add_header X-Frame-Options                      "SAMEORIGIN"        always;
        add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies    "none"              always;
        add_header X-Robots-Tag                         "noindex, nofollow" always;
        add_header X-XSS-Protection                     "1; mode=block"     always;

        # Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
        fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;

        # Path to the root of your installation
        root /var/www/html;

        # Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
        # here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
        # when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
        # on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
        # that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
        # the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
        # to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
        # `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
        # `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
        # always provides the desired behaviour.
        index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
        location = / {
            if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
                return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
            }
        }

        location = /robots.txt {
            allow all;
            log_not_found off;
            access_log off;
        }

        # Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
        # access it despite the existence of the regex rule
        # `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
        # for `/.well-known`.
        location ^~ /.well-known {
            # The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
            # in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.

            location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
            location = /.well-known/caldav  { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }

            location /.well-known/acme-challenge    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
            location /.well-known/pki-validation    { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }

            # Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
            # requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
            return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
        }

        # Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
        location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/)  { return 404; }
        location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console)                { return 404; }

        # Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
        # which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
        # then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
        # to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
        location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
            # Required for legacy support
            rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;

            fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
            set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;

            try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

            include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
            #fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

            fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;         # Avoid sending the security headers twice
            fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;     # Enable pretty urls
            fastcgi_pass php-handler;

            fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
            fastcgi_request_buffering off;
        }

        location ~ \.(?:css|js|svg|gif)$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            expires 6M;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        location ~ \.woff2?$ {
            try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
            expires 7d;         # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
            access_log off;     # Optional: Don't log access to assets
        }

        # Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
        location /remote {
            return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
        }


        location ^~ /browser {
            proxy_pass http://collabora;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        }


        location ^~ /hosting {
            proxy_pass http://collabora;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }


        location ^~ /cool {
            proxy_pass http://collabora;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location ^~ /lool {
            proxy_pass http://collabora;
            proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
            proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
            proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
        }
    }
}

Sources: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/ https://github.com/nextcloud/docker#running-this-image-with-docker-compose